Voice User Interface

·         A Voice User Interface (VUI) makes human interaction with computers possible through a voice/speech platform in order to initiate an automated service or process.

·         The VUI is the interface to any speech application.

·         Controlling a machine by simply talking to it was science fiction only a short time ago.

·         However, with advances in technology, VUI have become more common place, and people are taking advantage of the value that these hands-free, eyes-free interfaces provide in many situations.

·         Voice User interface are developing rapidly

·         There are two different types of voice recognition:

·         Continuous speech systems, allowing for dictation.

·         Speaker independence, so people can enter commands or words at a given workstation
         by Abdul Aziz

Web-form interface

Web Form Interface 

The graphical user interface differed significantly from its text-based forefather. The Web interface differs from a GUI interface in significant ways also. In this article and the following articles, the following characteristics of GUI and Web interfaces are reviewed:

• Interaction styles.
• The concept of direct manipulation.
• The characteristics of graphical interfaces.
• The characteristics of Web interfaces.
• web pages versus Web application design.
• The general principles of user interface design.

Interaction Styles

An interaction style is simply the method, or methods, by which the user and a computer system communicate with one another. Today the designer has a choice of several interaction styles in graphical system or Web page and application design. They are as follows:

• Command line
• Menu selection
• Form fill-in
• Direct manipulation
• Anthropomorphic

The choice of interaction styles to be considered may be limited based upon the type of system being developed and the characteristics of the input and output devices to be used for the interface. A brief description of each interaction style follows.

 Command Line

 

The command-line interface is the oldest and original user interaction style. It requires the user to press a function key or type a command into a designated entry area on a screen. The commands may be single characters, abbreviations, words, or multiple words and codes. The command-line style is powerful, offering immediate access to system functions. It is also flexible and able to incorporate options or parameters to vary its behavior. 

Menu Selection

A menu is a set of options or choices from which a user must choose. On screens, the user selects a choice with a pointing device or keystroke. Typically, some kind of visual feedback is then provided to indicate the option selected. 

Form Fill-in

The form fill-in style is very useful for collecting information. Today's typical form structured screen contains a series of controls or fields into which the user either types information or selects an option, or options, from a listing of choices. (Technically, a listing of choices presented to users is also a menu.) In old text-based systems, however, screen forms were composed entirely of fields into which the user had to type information. Screen fill-in forms are derived from their antecedents, paper forms. An advantage of a form is its familiarity

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The Menu-Driven Interface

 

With a menu driven interface the user interacts with the computer by selecting options from a menu.

A typical program will have many menus which the user can access. 

Menus can be either full screen or pull-down. Pull-down menus are accessed by selecting the menu from a menu bar. Pop-up menus are activated by pressing a button on the mouse.

Examples of systems which use a menu driven interface are :

1. Wordwise word processor
2. A bank cash point machine
3. Grass database

Advantages	Disadvantages
The user does not need to remember and type lots of commands. Because menus contain explanations of the options that are available you can guess how to use a program without having to refer to a user guide	You may have to switch screens to access a menu.

PREPARED BY : SITI NOORAINA MOHD JAMAL

The Command Line Interface

With a command line interface the user interacts with the computer by typing commands.

An interaction with a computer using a command line interface usually follows these two steps :

• The user types a command e.g. "dir".
• The computer carries out the command and displays its results.

Examples of systems which use a command line interface are :

1. MS-DOS
2. BBC Micro
3. Quest database

Advantages	Disadvantages
An experienced user who knows a package well can enter commands quicker than he could select options using lots of menus. Can be used on a computer which has very little memory and is slow.	It is very difficult to remember all the possible commands and exactly how they should be typed. Error messages are not usually very helpful.

PREPARED BY : Nurul Aisyah Yahaya